Verb Types
127 standardized relationship types. Combined with 42 Noun Types, this creates 5,334+ base combinations covering 96-97% of human knowledge domains.
Why Verb Types?
Verb Types define the semantic meaning of relationships between entities. They don't just connect things—they express how they're connected.
42 Nouns × 127 Verbs × ∞ Metadata = Universal Knowledge
The 127 verbs cover:
- Mereological — Part-whole relationships
- Spatial — Location and position
- Temporal — Time and sequence
- Causal — Cause and effect
- Social — Human relationships
- Epistemic — Knowledge and belief
- Deontic — Obligation and permission
- And more...
Quick Reference
import { Brainy, VerbType } from '@soulcraft/brainy'
// Use the VerbType enum
await brain.relate({
from: nextId,
to: reactId,
type: VerbType.Extends
})
// Or use string literals
await brain.relate({
from: ideaId,
to: resultId,
type: "eventuallyLeadsTo"
})
Part-Whole (Mereological) — 8 types
How things are composed of other things:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
partOf | General part-whole | Wheel partOf Car |
contains | Contains (inverse) | Folder contains File |
composedOf | Material composition | Ring composedOf Gold |
functionalPartOf | Functional component | Engine functionalPartOf Car |
conceptualPartOf | Conceptual component | Chapter conceptualPartOf Book |
temporalPartOf | Time segment | Monday temporalPartOf Week |
topologicalPartOf | Spatial part | Handle topologicalPartOf Cup |
containsSpatially | Spatial containment | Room containsSpatially Chair |
Spatial — 11 types
Location and position relationships:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
locatedAt | General location | Office locatedAt Building |
above | Vertical position | Cloud above Mountain |
below | Vertical position | Basement below House |
inside | Interior location | Person inside Building |
outside | Exterior location | Garden outside House |
adjacentTo | Next to | Room adjacentTo Hallway |
connectedTo | Physical connection | Pipe connectedTo Tank |
facing | Orientation | Window facing Ocean |
surrounds | Encirclement | Fence surrounds Garden |
overlaps | Partial overlap | Territory overlaps Border |
overlapsSpatially | Spatial overlap | Region overlapsSpatially Zone |
Temporal — 9 types
Time and sequence relationships:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
precedes | Comes before | Draft precedes Final |
immediatelyAfter | Directly follows | Commit immediatelyAfter Save |
during | Within timeframe | Meeting during Conference |
simultaneousWith | At same time | Launch simultaneousWith Event |
occursAt | Time of occurrence | Release occursAt Date |
persistsThrough | Persists over time | Brand persistsThrough Decades |
recurringWith | Recurring pattern | Meeting recurringWith Weekly |
trueFrom | Valid from time | Policy trueFrom January |
supersedes | Replaces over time | V2 supersedes V1 |
Causal & Dependency — 14 types
Cause, effect, and dependency relationships:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
causes | Direct causation | Bug causes Crash |
affects | Influences | Weather affects Mood |
enables | Makes possible | API enables Integration |
prevents | Stops from happening | Auth prevents Access |
dependsOn | Requires | App dependsOn Library |
canCause | Potential causation | Error canCause Failure |
probablyCauses | Likely causation | Lack probablyCauses Issue |
mustCause | Necessary causation | Input mustCause Output |
wouldCauseIf | Conditional causation | Action wouldCauseIf Condition |
eventuallyLeadsTo | Long-term result | Practice eventuallyLeadsTo Mastery |
functionallyDependsOn | Functional requirement | Feature functionallyDependsOn Core |
rigidlyDependsOn | Essential dependency | Life rigidlyDependsOn Water |
historicallyDependsOn | Historical dependency | Law historicallyDependsOn Precedent |
counterfactual | "What if" relation | Result counterfactual Decision |
Social & Organizational — 12 types
Human and organizational relationships:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
memberOf | Membership | Alice memberOf Team |
reportsTo | Reporting structure | Dev reportsTo Manager |
mentors | Mentorship | Senior mentors Junior |
worksWith | Collaboration | Alice worksWith Bob |
friendOf | Friendship | User friendOf User |
follows | Following | User follows Creator |
communicates | Communication | Team communicates Client |
competes | Competition | Company competes Rival |
alliesWith | Alliance | Org alliesWith Partner |
conflicts | Conflict | Goal conflicts Constraint |
opposes | Opposition | View opposes Policy |
supports | Support | Evidence supports Claim |
Creation & Transformation — 10 types
How things are made and changed:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
creates | Creation | Author creates Document |
destroys | Destruction | Delete destroys Record |
transforms | Transformation | Compiler transforms Code |
becomes | State change | Caterpillar becomes Butterfly |
convertsTo | Conversion | JSON convertsTo Object |
modifies | Modification | Update modifies State |
gainsProperty | Property acquisition | User gainsProperty Badge |
losesProperty | Property loss | User losesProperty Access |
realizes | Realization | Code realizes Design |
consumes | Consumption | Process consumes Resource |
Epistemic (Knowledge & Belief) — 10 types
Knowledge, belief, and perception:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
knows | Knowledge | Agent knows Fact |
believes | Belief | User believes Claim |
doubts | Doubt | Reviewer doubts Finding |
perceives | Perception | Sensor perceives Signal |
learns | Learning | Student learns Skill |
hopes | Hope | Team hopes Success |
fears | Fear | User fears Failure |
loves | Love | User loves Feature |
hates | Hate | User hates Bug |
desires | Desire | Customer desires Feature |
Deontic (Obligation & Permission) — 8 types
Rules, obligations, and permissions:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
mustBe | Requirement | Password mustBe Strong |
mustNotDo | Prohibition | User mustNotDo Delete |
shouldDo | Recommendation | User shouldDo Backup |
obligatedTo | Obligation | User obligatedTo Comply |
permittedTo | Permission | Admin permittedTo Access |
prohibitedFrom | Prohibition | Guest prohibitedFrom Edit |
conformsTo | Conformance | Process conformsTo Standard |
intends | Intention | User intends Action |
Classification & Description — 12 types
How things are categorized and described:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
instanceOf | Instance-type | Toyota instanceOf Car |
subclassOf | Type hierarchy | Car subclassOf Vehicle |
categorizes | Categorization | Tag categorizes Document |
defines | Definition | Spec defines Interface |
describes | Description | Doc describes System |
represents | Representation | Icon represents Action |
embodies | Embodiment | Code embodies Logic |
encodes | Encoding | Base64 encodes Binary |
interpretedAs | Interpretation | Symbol interpretedAs Meaning |
perceivedAs | Perception | Quality perceivedAs Value |
attributedTo | Attribution | Quote attributedTo Author |
owns | Ownership | User owns Asset |
Comparison & Similarity — 8 types
Comparing and measuring relationships:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
equivalentTo | Equivalence | AliasA equivalentTo AliasB |
approximatelyEquals | Approximate equality | EstimateA approximatelyEquals EstimateB |
dimensionallyEquals | Dimensional equality | BoxA dimensionallyEquals BoxB |
greaterThan | Greater than | ValueA greaterThan ValueB |
moreXThan | Comparative degree | A moreXThan B (more efficient) |
similarityDegree | Similarity measure | ItemA similarityDegree ItemB |
contradicts | Contradiction | ClaimA contradicts ClaimB |
correlatesWith | Correlation | MetricA correlatesWith MetricB |
Technical & Code — 9 types
Software and technical relationships:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
implements | Implementation | Class implements Interface |
extends | Extension | TypeScript extends JavaScript |
inherits | Inheritance | Child inherits Parent |
uses | Usage | Component uses Library |
references | Reference | Doc references Source |
carries | Data carrier | Request carries Payload |
synchronizes | Synchronization | CacheA synchronizes CacheB |
evaluates | Evaluation | Test evaluates Code |
participatesIn | Participation | Actor participatesIn Process |
Property & Quality — 6 types
Properties and measurements:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
hasQuality | Has quality | Product hasQuality Durability |
hasDegree | Has degree | Skill hasDegree Advanced |
hasDuration | Has duration | Meeting hasDuration 1Hour |
hasMagnitude | Has magnitude | Earthquake hasMagnitude 6.5 |
measuredIn | Unit of measure | Distance measuredIn Kilometers |
measures | Measures | Sensor measures Temperature |
General Relations — 10 types
General-purpose relationships:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
relatedTo | Generic relation (default) | ItemA relatedTo ItemB |
likes | Preference | User likes Post |
endorses | Endorsement | Expert endorses Product |
couldBe | Possibility | Result couldBe Success |
remainsSame | Persistence | Identity remainsSame Over time |
trueInContext | Contextual truth | Statement trueInContext Domain |
validInFrame | Frame validity | Rule validInFrame Context |
uncertainRelation | Uncertain relationship | A uncertainRelation B |
partiallyHas | Partial possession | Product partiallyHas Feature |
couldBe | Potential state | Outcome couldBe Result |
Using Verb Types
import { Brainy, VerbType, NounType } from '@soulcraft/brainy'
// Create entities
const alice = await brain.add({
data: "Alice - Senior Developer",
type: NounType.Person
})
const team = await brain.add({
data: "Engineering Team",
type: NounType.Organization
})
// Create relationships with different verb types
await brain.relate({ from: alice, to: team, type: VerbType.MemberOf })
await brain.relate({ from: alice, to: bobId, type: VerbType.Mentors })
await brain.relate({ from: alice, to: projectId, type: VerbType.WorksWith })
Query by Relationship
// Find all things a person mentors
const mentees = await brain.find({
connected: { from: aliceId, type: VerbType.Mentors }
})
// Find all dependencies of a project
const deps = await brain.find({
connected: { from: projectId, type: VerbType.DependsOn }
})
// Traverse multiple relationship types
const network = await brain.find({
connected: {
from: userId,
type: [VerbType.WorksWith, VerbType.FriendOf],
depth: 2
}
})
The Universal Protocol
The 127 Verb Types aren't arbitrary—they're based on formal ontology research:
- Mereology — Part-whole relationships (composedOf, partOf)
- Topology — Spatial relationships (above, inside, adjacent)
- Temporal logic — Time relationships (precedes, during)
- Causality — Cause and effect (causes, enables, prevents)
- Epistemology — Knowledge states (knows, believes, doubts)
- Deontic logic — Obligations (mustBe, permittedTo)
Combined with 42 Noun Types, this creates 5,334+ base combinations that achieve Stage 3 CANONICAL coverage: 96-97% of all human knowledge domains can be expressed with these types plus unlimited metadata.
See Also
- Noun Types — 42 entity types
- relate() — Creating relationships
- find() — Querying by relationships
- Triple Intelligence — Unified queries